Asif, M., Jameel, A., Hwang, J., & Sahito, N. (2019). Linking Transformational Leadership with Nurse-Assessed Adverse Patient Outcomes and the Quality of Care: Assessing the Role of Job Satisfaction and Structural Empowerment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(13), 1-15. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6651060/pdf/ijerph-16-02381.pdf.
The researchers involved in the study had a background in different fields including public affairs, hospitality, and city and regional planning. Their skillset offered them varying perspectives on the importance of feeling fulfilled with one’s career and availability of policies directed towards improving nursing in the healthcare sector, and the correlation between factors affecting nurses and patient outcomes. This research article focused on assessing the connection between the use of transformational leadership and structural empowerment in promoting job satisfaction among nurses and improving the type of services offered to patients. The researchers’ intent was to assess the effect of using transformation leadership on nurse-assessed adverse outcomes in patients, the value of services offered to patients while considering the intervening effects of policies, organization processes, and workers’ satisfaction with their positions. Structural empowerment was presented in the research through the provision of healthy working conditions to nurses and the effects of managers and leaders on their subordinates’ behavior. The researchers argued that the leadership approaches used by managers and leaders in nursing affected nurses’ response and willingness to complete their tasks effectively and efficiently. They also linked the use of transformational leadership in the healthcare sector with service quality improvement and patient satisfaction. In examining the use of job satisfaction and structural empowerment as mediating factors to improve nurses’ performance, the researchers noted that empowered nurses who were satisfied with their working conditions and the leadership approaches used by their leaders, behaved professionally, placed extra effort in their work, and obtained positive results from their patients.
The article is meant for nurses and any other individuals in the healthcare profession or in a leadership position with an interest in improving nursing practice and patient outcomes. The researchers used a cross-sectional research approach and a random sampling technique in their study to evaluate their hypotheses. The hypotheses generated were meant to assist the researchers in examining the correlation between leadership approaches used and nurses’ quality of work. The study was carried out in seventeen government hospitals located in Punjab province in Pakistan. The researchers used 386 nurses from hospitals to conduct their survey. From the results obtained in the research, the researchers concluded that utilization of transformation leadership improved the working conditions of nurses, which led to the development of good interpersonal relationships between nurses and their patients and improved the quality of services offered to patients and the patients satisfaction. The researchers also concluded that the utilization of transformation leadership could help healthcare organizations in reducing adverse patient outcomes through the promotion of job satisfaction among nurses. The conclusions made by the authors were consistent with the results obtained from the research and aligned with evidence from different studies conducted on the use of transformation leadership and its effect in influencing workers’ commitment to their job and in improving the quality of their work.
Some of the strengths of the text included utilizing a wide range of hypotheses to determine the relationship between the variables identified, obtaining research participants from seventeen different hospitals, which promoted representativeness and eliminated bias. Limitations linked to the research include its use of only female participants in the study, as well as public hospitals instead of incorporating both female and male nurses and selecting participants from both public and private hospitals. The researchers used a structural equation model to illustrate the connection between the mediating effects of the factors identified and several tables to present their data. The text is well-organized and the hypotheses identified were tested and their correlation discussed in the article. The article provides a clear description of the correlation between transformational leadership and outcomes in clinical practice, which helps me to understand the factors affecting nursing teams and the importance of effective leadership strategies. The article also provides similar information on the importance of good leadership practices in nursing as other articles that I have read on team leadership in nursing.
Boamah, S. A., Laschinger, H. K., Wong, C., & Clarke, S. (2017). Effect of transformational leadership on job satisfaction and patient safety outcomes. New Outlook, xxx, 1-10. https://fardapaper.ir/mohavaha/uploads/2018/09/Fardapaper-Effect-of-transformational-leadership-on-job-satisfaction-and-patient-safety-outcomes.pdf.
Boamah and her colleagues are nurses working in different nursing schools in Ontario, Canada, and Massachusetts. The content of the article entails a discussion of the efficiency of transformational leadership (TL) in promoting job satisfaction and the outcomes of patients. The main arguments presented in the articles entail a discussion on the characteristics of TL as a relational leadership approach characterized by mutual respect and motivated team members who are focused on achieving the organization’s goals. The study variables in the research include TL, idealized influence as an attribute and behavior related to TL, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration as dimensions of TL, structural empowerment, information, support, resources, opportunity, job satisfaction, and adverse events as factors influencing the quality of services offered by nurses to patients. The researchers also argue on the effectiveness of using TL among nurse managers as a way of creating work environments that make other nurses feel empowered to offer optimum care to their patients. The research was intended for professionals in the nursing workforce as it addresses issues affecting nursing leadership and patient care.
The researchers used a cross-sectional research method and randomly selected 378 participants from acute care hospitals in Ontario. The use of the cross-sectional study design limited the time used by the researchers to analyze the connection between the variables identified and their impact on each other over time. The authors concluded that the utilization of transformation leadership in nursing was essential in enhancing the quality of work environment required by nurses to produce better patient outcomes. The researchers also established that effective team leadership in nursing through the application of transformational leadership is essential in improving nurse retention and assisting nurses to deal with adverse events in clinical settings.
Some of the strengths of the article included the researchers’ examination of numerous mediating factors that affect nurses’ effectiveness in performing their roles and the use of evidence from past studies that tested the correlation between the quality of nurses’ work and factors like job satisfaction and leadership approaches used. The main limitation of the research is its use of cross-sectional study design as it limited the researchers’ ability to assess the foundation of theoretical association between the variables and limited the researchers’ interpretation of the interconnection between nursing performance and other factors like staffing or level of wages offered to the nurses, which might also affect their work. Another limitation was the use of self-report approaches, which can introduce bias in research.
Special features in the article included a table used to differentiate the characteristics of the participants based on their demographic characteristics and a table that analyzed the correlation between the variables used in the article. The text provides insights into the importance of transformational leadership in nursing. It also addresses the issues affecting nurses, which impact the quality of their services. It will assist me in understanding the challenges facing nurses in their workplace and the changes that can be implemented to improve the nursing workforce. The text will also help me to understand the correlation between leadership approaches used in nursing and the outcomes of patients. This article addresses the issue of nursing leadership and its effects on nurses, the impact of structural empowerment from the perspective of professional nurses, and issues related to job satisfaction in the nursing field, which has also been pointed out as determinants of the effectiveness of nursing practice in different sources. The authors’ perception of the correlation between using transformation leadership as a strategy for reducing adverse patient outcomes aligns with the evidence obtained by Asif, Jameel, and his colleagues in their article on connecting transformational leadership with negative patient outcomes that occur in some healthcare settings.
Husebø, S. E., & Olsen, O. E. (2016). Impact of clinical leadership in teams’ course on quality, efficiency, responsiveness and trust in the emergency department: study protocol of a trailing research study. BMJ Open, 6(8), 1-9. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/6/8/e011899.full.pdf.
This article’s researchers have a background in healthcare studies. Notably, Husebø works at the department of surgery at the Stavanger University Hospital, while Olsen works at the emergency department in the same university, as well as works as a researcher at the University of Bergen. This research article addresses the effects of clinical leadership on quality, the effectiveness of care provision, responsiveness, and trust among healthcare providers in the emergency department. The researchers conducted a summative and formative evaluation before offering the healthcare professionals a clinical leadership course in team management. The summative evaluation involved conducting the pre and post-test to examine the healthcare practitioners’ quality of work, responsiveness, effectiveness in performing their roles, and interprofessional trust. The formative evaluation process entailed documenting analyses on the dialogue meetings conducted during the research and assessing the work of nurse leaders and doctors on call, while the leadership course acted as the intervention meant to improve clinical leadership in the research. The main argument presented by the researchers is that the utilization of the clinical leadership course could promote the better performance of both nurse managers and other healthcare practitioner leaders in the emergency unit while also improving the effectiveness of care provision.
The article was intended for nurses and other healthcare practitioners interested in improving the quality of their work through team leadership. The researchers used a trailing research design, which made it possible for them to collect data from the participants through dialogue and participation in the pretest and post-test activities while incorporating evidence obtained through traditional qualitative and quantitative approaches. The research used both patients and healthcare professionals as study participants to obtain different views on the efficacy of the leadership approaches used in clinical settings on patients’ treatment. The researchers concluded that the duration of the clinical leadership course would affect the implementation of effective leadership approaches in different clinical settings and that other factors, such as group composition during the intervention, affect the application of the information obtained through the intervention. In terms of group composition, the inclusion of other healthcare practitioners in the intervention was seen as an effective way of promoting team utilization of clinical leadership strategies. The conclusions drawn by the researchers were evidence-based as they relied on the data collected by the researchers and evidence from different studies that had addressed similar issues.
The strengths of the research include its use of the trailing research design that allowed the researchers to examine the effects of their intervention before and after its implementation, use of pre and post-test, and incorporation of both healthcare practitioners and patients as participants in the study. Limitations linked to the study included different forms of bias that might be introduced by variation in the time allocated for the implementation of the intervention in future studies that might wish to replicate the results. An interesting feature included in the research was the use of a didactic model of relation to illustrate the guide used by the researchers in their research design.
This text will be relevant in helping me to understand the effectiveness of implementing an intervention aimed at improving clinical leadership in teams through the pre and post-tests conducted by the researchers, as well as in promoting my understanding of the link between leadership and patient outcomes. Some of the points of correlation between this text and other literature that I have read on team leadership in nursing include aspects of interdisciplinary collaboration through the incorporation of doctors and other healthcare professionals in patient care teams, as well as the incorporation of nurses in team leadership. This article also provides a connection between leadership and efficiency in care provision, which is a common theme in the other articles and books identified in nursing leadership.
Murray, E. (2017). Nursing Leadership and Management: For Patient Safety and Quality Care. Fort Myers, Florida: F.A. Davis.
The author, Elizabeth Murray, is an MSN nurse educator and assistant professor at the Florida Gulf Coast University. Her book is centered on leadership techniques used in nursing as tools for supporting patients’ safety. The book is intended for nursing students and practitioners in different fields who might be interested in learning the dynamics of nursing leadership and management, improving their nursing skills and practice, and introducing better leadership approaches to their nursing teams. The book is divided into four parts that include; the foundation and background for the provision of quality care in nursing, the need for promotion of patient safety and quality care, leadership and management functions in nursing, and an assessment of the future of nursing. In terms of leadership, her main arguments revolve around creating a sustainable workforce for nurses, organization of patient care, delegating of roles among nurse managers and their subordinates to promote effective management of patients, building effective teams, and promoting change. The author presents her ideologies and arguments on what she considers the optimal healing environment for patients based on evidence obtained from different research articles and books. She refers to teamwork among healthcare professionals, utilization of evidence-based practice, structural and care process improvements, and elimination of human errors through nursing theories and effective leadership approaches as efficient ways of improving patient outcomes. She also compares historical and contemporary leadership styles plus emerging leadership theories to illustrate the varying approaches that leaders in the healthcare sectors can apply to improve the quality of their facilities and practice. Among the conclusions made by the author in different chapters of the book regarding nursing practice and leadership included the acknowledgment that patient safety and high-quality care relied on the skillset of a team working in healthcare facilities and quality improvement approaches implemented, such as the use of better leadership methods. The author also concluded that effective application of different leadership theories and styles could reduce adverse outcomes like medication errors in clinical practice.
Some of the strengths of the book include; the utilization of a wide range of research articles and other sources by the author, incorporation of a wide range of themes related to nursing practice and leadership in the book that helps readers to understand the correlation between different factors and effective organization of her content. A limitation or weakness that could be linked to this source would be the inability of the author to prove all the information included in her work through self-conducted single studies. Her reliance on the works of other researchers and authors to influence the information presented in her book could lead to the development of controversies in aspects determining the most effective leadership approach in nursing. When compared to the other articles addressed in this annotated bibliography, this source covers more topics related to the theme of team leadership in nursing that has not been addressed by the other sources. Some of the exceptional topics expounded in the book include the connection between staffing and patient care and the influence of factors like productive time, staffing mix, workload, the intensity of work in different units, patient acuity, and skill mix, as well as their effects inpatient care. By shedding light on these issues, this book has helped me understand the different issues that leaders in healthcare teams should assess to ensure that their teams have proper working conditions, are equipped with the skills they need to perform their roles, as well as the right resources. Moreover, the book addresses the importance and strategies for managing conflict among professionals in healthcare settings as a way of promoting effective collaboration between healthcare practitioners and reducing the risks of errors in task performance.
Sfantou, D. F., Laliotis, A., Patelarou, A. E., Sifaki-Pistolla, D., Matalliotakis, M., & Patelarou, E. (2017). Importance of Leadership Style towards Quality of Care Measures in Healthcare Settings: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel), 5(4), 73. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5746707/.
The researchers involved in this systematic review have a background in different healthcare fields, such as cardiology, gastrointestinal and bariatric surgery, anesthesiology, family medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, and nursing education, which might have contributed to the variation in their insights about the utilization of different leadership styles in nursing. This systematic review examined the importance of leadership styles used in healthcare practice, as well as their influence on the quality of care directed towards patients. The main ideas incorporated in the review include the view of high-quality care as entailing offering safe, effective, reliable, patient-centered, equitable, efficient service to patients and perception that quality measures of healthcare services are based on the structure, process, outcome, and satisfaction of the patients being managed. The two main leadership approaches compared by the researchers were resonant and task-oriented leadership. The researchers argued that resonant leadership led to higher levels of reduced mortality rates when compared to high-dissonant leadership styles. The researchers also linked task-oriented leadership approaches to high-quality patient care when compared to other forms of leadership. The researchers argue on the need to address the leadership gap in healthcare through the incorporation of healthcare practitioners from different fields to promote representativeness, build effective organizational culture, and balance leadership priorities in different units.
This review was intended for leaders in the healthcare field as it addresses issues affecting their leadership approaches and the need for change. The researchers used a systematic review approach in their study and incorporated evidence obtained from 18 research articles on clinical leadership that was published between 2004 and 2015. Some of the conclusions drawn by the researchers included acknowledging the important role of leadership in healthcare and that different leadership styles lead to varying health-related outcomes. The researchers also concluded that leadership styles selected for clinical practice should be based on the organizational priorities to ensure that problems affecting the team or organization are resolved through the leadership selected. The conclusion drawn by the authors was consistent with the evidence presented in the articles included in the reviews and other studies on nursing leadership. Some of the strengths of the study included the inclusion of a wide range of studies on different leadership styles in healthcare, exclusion of studies that were published more than ten years before the publication of their work, as well as those that did not address the use of leadership in promoting quality of care, and utilization of full-text studies. A limitation of the research was the difficulty in combining the results of some of the studies as the researcher’s utilized varying research techniques in their studies.
A special feature from the study was the use of a Prisma flowchart to illustrate the decisions made in selecting the studies that would be included in the review and the justifications for excluding other articles. This systematic review has promoted my understanding of different leadership styles that can be used in nursing practice and helped me eliminate the ideology of relying on a single leadership approach through its justification of the need for using varying leadership techniques in different situations. When compared to the other articles identified on team leadership that supported the use of transformational leadership in clinical settings, this article introduces a different concept of relying on either resonant or task-oriented leadership approaches based on the organizational goal of inpatient care. While the arguments presented in this article slightly differ from those seen in the other studies, it sheds more light on the effectiveness of different types of leadership that can be used in clinical practice to reduced mortality rates and improve quality of care, which are essentially the same goals that the other articles sought to fulfill.
The different sources identified for this annotated bibliography contain useful information about themes related to team leadership in nursing and the need to offer patients quality services that promote patient safety and positive outcomes. The sources used, support the application of varying leadership approaches like utilization of transformational leadership, use of resonant and task-oriented leadership, and combination of different leadership practices based on the situation. The sources identified also shed light on the effects of other factors, such as staffing, job satisfaction, interprofessional collaboration, and structural empowerment on the effects of patient care and quality of service provided. Some of the authors and researchers suggest the utilization of the identified leadership techniques in resolving problems in clinical practice and improving the working environment for nurses. These sources will be effective in addressing the topic of team leadership in nursing.
References
Asif, M., Jameel, A., Hwang, J., & Sahito, N. (2019). Linking Transformational Leadership with Nurse-Assessed Adverse Patient Outcomes and the Quality of Care: Assessing the Role of Job Satisfaction and Structural Empowerment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(13), 1-15. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6651060/pdf/ijerph-16-02381.pdf.
Boamah, S. A., Laschinger, H. K., Wong, C., & Clarke, S. (2017). Effect of transformational leadership on job satisfaction and patient safety outcomes. New Outlook, xxx, 1-10. https://fardapaper.ir/mohavaha/uploads/2018/09/Fardapaper-Effect-of-transformational-leadership-on-job-satisfaction-and-patient-safety-outcomes.pdf.
Husebø, S. E., & Olsen, O. E. (2016). Impact of clinical leadership in teams’ course on quality, efficiency, responsiveness and trust in the emergency department: study protocol of a trailing research study. BMJ Open, 6(8), 1-9. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/6/8/e011899.full.pdf.
Murray, E. (2017). Nursing Leadership and Management: For Patient Safety and Quality Care. Fort Myers, Florida: F.A. Davis.
Sfantou, D. F., Laliotis, A., Patelarou, A. E., Sifaki-Pistolla, D., Matalliotakis, M., & Patelarou, E. (2017). Importance of Leadership Style towards Quality of Care Measures in Healthcare Settings: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel), 5(4), 73. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5746707/.