Report on CITI Training
Summary Report on CITI Training Course
It is always very important that learner evaluate the lessons learnt during a training course. The online tests conducted during the course were instrumental in the assessment of what was learnt by the trainees. The main areas covered in the test include the history of the federal regulations that protect the use of humans as subjects in research. This includes the ethical principles that should be adhered to while undertaking research using human subjects. It also covered the issues of conducting research with children and other vulnerable persons like prisoners, workers and pregnant women. Other areas that were also covered in the study include conducting online research through the use of human subjects, and the issues of privacy protections that are involved in such studies.
This report provides a summary of what was learnt from the internet-based tests conducted b y the training during their course.
The federal regulations protecting the use of human subjects in research studies are contained in the National Research Act of 1947. It comprises of ethical principles that should be followed in the process of carrying out such a study. The act was established in response to the Public health Service Tuskegee Study on Untreated Syphilis in Negro Male that was conducted between 1932 and 1974 whereby the participant thought they were receiving free health care, instead of being used as subjects of research. Among these principles is the Belmont principle of beneficence that advocates for the maximization of research project benefit while hindering or minimizing risks to the study subjects. With respect to the principle of persons, subjects should take part in a research on their own will upon disclosure of all information about the study by the people conducting it.
The ethical principle of justice finally ensures that the research is not exploitative in any way, especially with regards to the distribution of costs and benefits to the potential participants in the study. These principles apply to researches that are carried out on living human beings, whereby the researcher seeks to acquire data through interaction or intervention with the person or any particular identifiable private information about them. The trainees were also taught that all biomedical and behavioral research involving human subjects can only be approved, monitored and reviewed by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) that is mandated with ensuring that ethical principles are upheld in such studies.
While there are certain research activities like those involving children are exempted by federal regulations, it also 
offers additional protection to vulnerable populations like workers, prisoners and pregnant women. If a research is aimed at using children as subjects, the voluntary and informed consent should be obtained from their parents or guardians. The documentation of the consent of minors is not required under the federal regulatory requirements. Obtaining a certificate of confidentiality is critical in ensuring protection against any pressure to disclose individually identifiable information in a longitudinal study that traces the lives of people from childhood to adulthood that will entail the collection of information about their involvement in illegal activities.
It was established that the decision by individuals to be involved in research as subjects automatically waives the rights to legal redress in the event that they encounter injuries as a result of the study. To make sure that potential human subjects provide an authentic informed consent, researchers should offer them information that they can easily understand. Conducting research in public elementary and secondary schools is also regulated by law. The access of the researcher to data about the disciplinary status of the subject in schools from academic records is regulated by the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act. Since the disciplinary status of a student is part of his or her school record, schools must seek written parental permission before releasing such data to researchers.
About internet research, the trainees learnt that individuals might post their private identifiable information online without the aim of making it public and accessible to researchers in conducting studies. This can pose serious consequences to the subjects of the study. The risks of harm to subjects in internet-based surveys can be minimized through the creation of surveys that will not require the gathering of direct or indirect identifiers. However, these risks are specific to time, situation and culture. Regardless of the potential benefits of the study, efforts should be made to reduce these risks as much as possible. For continued voluntary participation of a subject in a survey of sensitive personal issues, the researcher should come up with surveys that do not compel the subjects to answer a question before proceeding to the next. In order to safeguard the confidentiality of subjects, researchers should make the data anonymous by discarding all identifiers that are related to the data. Apart from undertaking local research, the learners were also able to familiarize themselves with the regulations governing international research. They learnt that age of subjects taking part in international research is greatly determined by the laws, customs or norms of the country or region where the study is to be conducted.
Finally, the trainees also learnt that researchers should strive towards ensuring that objectivity of the research is not lost, while also protecting their human subjects even in circumstances of a conflict of interest. When carrying out a research using human subjects, researchers are required to disclose details of their conflict of interest to particular designated institutional officials in order to enhance the objectivity of the research.
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