Challenges Facing Agriculture in Developing Countries
There are many challenges facing agriculture in developing countries. In most developing countries, agriculture is a major contributor to the economy. However, despite playing a significant role in the economy, this sector is not exploited fully. Farmers in the developing countries are still poor despite making a relatively huge contribution in the economy.
Low returns or output from the agriculture sector can be attributed to the challenges that this sector faces. Climate change is one of the challenges that affect agriculture in the developing countries. Most farmers in the developing countries depend on rainfall to grow crops.
Climate change has affected rainfall patterns in the developing countries. This has greatly affected the rain-fed agriculture in the developing countries. Unpredictable and changing rainy seasons have affected the ability of farmers to determine when is the right time to plant crops or engage in other farming activities.
Areas that were receiving sufficient rainfall are now not receiving adequate rain to support farming. In other areas, effects of climate change such as flooding are damaging crops and farm lands. All these effects of climate change are greatly affecting agriculture in the developing countries.
Farmers in most developing countries are still using outdated technologies. Most agricultural activities in the developing countries are still not mechanized. Uptake of innovative technology is poor in most developing countries. There is also inadequate research and extension services to farmers. This has led to continued use poor technologies that leave the farm lands in the developing countries underutilized.
Low returns from agriculture in the developing countries have also demoralized farmers. They have also impacted on agriculture negatively due the fact that some farmers cannot afford the cost of inputs. Important farm inputs such as pesticides and fertilizers are inaccessible to farmers due to high cost and relatively low returns from agriculture.
Pests and diseases are also a major challenge to agriculture in the developing countries. Most farmers in the developing countries do not practice crop rotation. This has resulted in the accumulation of some pests and diseases as well as soil deterioration in the farm lands. Some farmers do not use appropriate methods to control pests and diseases which result in huge losses of farm produce.
Poor infrastructure including poor roads in the agriculturally productive areas has made farmers lose their produce while transporting them to the market. Poor infrastructure has also hindered delivery of farm input and access of extension services to the farmers.
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