Indochina Wars

Struggle for independence, large territories and dominance in trade are factors that instigated many battles and rebellions in the world. Indochina Wars were a series of wars fought in Southeast Asia from 1946 to 1989 and impacted all the involved nations immensely. The combats involved communist Indochinese forces against French, American, South Vietnamese, Chinese and Laotian forces.  Indochina initially referred to French Indochina and was made up of Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam.

The first Indochina war began immediately after the World War II and lasted until the defeat of the French armies in 1954. The Viet Minh troops pushed the Japanese and Vichy French to surrender at the north after a long-term resistance campaign. During the war, the British forces had reestablished the French colonial power, and this spurred the French troops to have their old Indochina colony before they could participate in the NATO alliance and oppose the Soviet Union. The Viet Minh continued to fight the French troops with support from Soviet Union and China and drove the NATO-supported French armies out of Indochina.

Second Indochina war commenced as a feud between the United states-supported Vietnamese government against the south Vietnamese-based nationalist and the North Vietnamese army. The battle began in 1950s and lasted until 1975 after a peace agreement brought forward by the North Vietnamese army and this culminated the war. The North Vietnamese reveled in great weaponry support from china and the Soviet Union and from some members of the Communist confederacy. It is one of the devastating Indochina wars characterized by vast loss of life and unbearable destruction. The Vietnamese government collapsed and a regime dominated by communist came into being.

The Cambodian-Vietnamese war occurred nearly after the second Indochina war. Vietnamese attacked Cambodia and overthrew Khmer Rouge who had been killing racial, religious and ethical groups in the region. The Cambodian-Vietnamese war extensively lasted from 1975 to 1989.

The Sino-Vietnamese War began on February and ended on March 1979. It was a short battle between the People’s Republic of China and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The Chinese launched an attack on Vietnam as a revenge for the Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia. They pulled out later on March, but skirmishes continued along the border until 1990.

A number of combats between the Pathet Lao anti-communists and the anti-Vietnamese forces occurred between 1984 and 1987.  The communist party of Thailand was also involved in a revolt from 1965 to 1987 spurred by the extensive support from Lao and Vietnam. All did not end well as the communist were kicked out of their territories and lost weapons and other supplies after supporting the Cambodian-Chinese allied forces opposing the pro-soviet Vietnamese and Laotian regimes.

The Indochina wars had great ecological and sociological impacts to all nations involved. There are many ecological lessons learned from these Indochina battles and vendettas. Lives were lost as most of the battles were not properly planned. The French were defeated in the Indochina war despite being the stronger opponent because of great combination strategies embraced by their key opponents. The French also took lightly the tactics employed by the Viet Minh. Hence, nationalism is one of the key facets that elevated most of the warring nations to victory.

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References

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/286443/Indochina-wars

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indochina_Wars

http://www.markedbyteachers.com/as-and-a-level/history/why-was-the-french-defeated-in-the-first-indochina-war.html