United States Bill Of Rights
In September 1789, the Congress transmitted 12 proposed constitution amendments to the state Legislature. Number 3 to 12 were however adopted by the states and were effected in December 15, 1791 as the U.S Bill of Rights. James Madison proposed the bill of rights and it responded to influential opponents including the Founding Fathers of the US.
The bill of rights was also influenced by the works of the age of Enlightenment in regards to natural rights, George Mason’s 1776 Virginia Declaration of Rights and earlier English political documents including the Magna Carta-1215.
Only ten articles were ratified and amended even though 2 additional articles were proposed to the States. The first article to be amended dealt with the apportionment of the US Representatives and was never included in the constitution. The 2nd article limited the ability of State Congress to increase member salaries was later ratified after 2 centuries.
The two articles were incorporated into the Bill of Rights but none of it has a right in modern day. This is because only ten first amendments were legally applied to the US Bill of Rights. The articles were ratified in 1791.
The United States of Bill of Rights plays a crucial role in the US government and Law. It remains as one of the most fundamental symbols of culture of the nation and its freedoms. Today, the original fourteen copies of the U.S Bill of Rights, is available on public display at the National Archives in Washington, D.C.
Understand the United States Bill of Rights
Amendment I: Freedom of religion, the press, speech and rights of assembly and petition
The State Congress shall make no law prohibiting free exercise of the freedom of speech, freedom of press and the right of people to peaceably assemble, to petition the government for a redress of complaints or respecting establishment of religion.
Amendment II: Right to bear arms
This amendment states that a well-regulated Militia group, being necessary to state security, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not in any case be infringed.
Amendment III: Housing of Soldiers
No soldier will in the time of peace be accommodated in any house without the owner’s consent and in the time of war, only by the manner described or prescribed by the law.
Amendment IV: Search and arrest warrants
This article involves the right of the people to be secure in their houses, in person, in papers and in effects against any unreasonable seizures and searches. They shall not be violated and no Warrant shall be issued unless by a probable cause that is supported by an affirmation. The warrant should also state the place to be searched, the person or things to be seized.
Amendment V: Rights in Criminal cases
No one should answer for a capital unless on an indictment of a Grand jury except in the event of arising in land.
Amendment VI: rights to a fair trial
Any accused person has the right to enjoy fair and speedy trial
Amendment VII: Rights in civil cases
In suits where the value of controversy exceeds 20 dollars, the right of trial by the jury shall be fully preserved.
Amendment VIII: Fines, bails and punishments
Excessive fines, bails or cruel punishments should not be used under any circumstance
Amendment IX: Rights retained by the people
Amendment X: Powers retained by the states and the people
The powers that are not delegated by the Constitution in the US are reserved by the states
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Sources
http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/billofrights.html
http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/bill_of_rights_transcript.html